For a medical service to be exempt from VAT it must generally be performed by a registered health professional or a staff member who is directly supervised by a registered health professional.

The amount of your state pension is largely determined by how many years of NIC you have completed during your working life. You can check your NIC record in your online personal tax account (www.gov.uk/personal-tax-account).

The changes to the pension rules announced in the Spring Budget were designed to dissuade higher earners from retiring early to avoid pension charges on high contributions but the new rules could have the opposite effect.

Petrol and diesel pump prices are high but the tax-free mileage rates payable to employees who use their own vehicles for business have not been adjusted for over a decade.

Occasionally you may reward your employees with something special such as a holiday or a hamper. If the value exceeds the tax-free amount permitted under the rules for say long service awards, trivial benefits or staff suggestions it will be taxable.

Our comprehensive analysis of the Chancellor's Spring 2023 budget covers R&D tax relief, the seed enterprise investment scheme, free childcare, pension allowances, pension savings, corporation tax and capital allowances.

You can check the NIC record over your entire working life on your online personal tax account (www.gov.uk/personal-tax-account). This will also provide an estimate of the state retirement pension you should expect to receive when you retire.

The annual capital gains exemption (currently £12,300) may cover most of the capital gains that you make on your share portfolio. However that exemption will be cut to £6,000 on 6 April 2023 and £3,000 in April 2024.

All VAT returns must now be submitted digitally using MTD compatible software (unless the business has an exemption) so the VAT penalties have been revised to fit with this new regime. In addition to the new penalties for late VAT returns (see above) there is also a new system of penalties for late paid VAT.

The national minimum wage (NMW) and national living wage (NLW) rates are due to rise significantly for pay periods starting on and after 1 April 2023. These increases - the largest since the NMW began - are being introduced because inflation is running at around 10%.

Making tax digital for income tax self-assessment (MTD ITSA) was set to take effect from 6 April 2024. This has been postponed until 6 April 2026.

Marketing companies know that personal letters sent directly to customers are more powerful than broadcast or printed adverts. HMRC is using this technique to recover unpaid tax.

Owners and directors of family businesses often take a small salary from the company and any extra funds as dividends. Other family members may also hold shares in the company and receive a dividend each year.

Companies can currently claim super-deduction allowances set at 130% of the cost of new plant and machinery or 50% of the purchase cost of certain fixtures and fittings for buildings. These super-deductions will expire on 31 March 2023.

Companies can currently claim super-deduction allowances set at 130% of the cost of new plant and machinery or 50% of the purchase cost of certain fixtures and fittings for buildings. These super-deductions will expire on 31 March 2023.